Folktales, Legends, and Stories
Who are the Gorals?
The Gorals were and are
mountain people, shepherds wearing sheepskins, felted wool, homespun linen and
intricate shepherd’s pins, sponky, that hark back to an ancient
tradition.
The High Carpathian ranges
and mountain slopes have been home to the sturdy Gorals for six centuries or
more. It’s believed that the mountain people migrated through the Carpathian
range, although no written records survive that ancient trek. Although the Goral
lands encompass what is now three countries, political boundaries nonetheless,
these are one people – the Gorali - and for them there are no borders.
The Gorals have a dialect,
customs, and traditions. They lived in log homes in high places. They bring to
mind the mysterious Wallachians or Valachs and the Rusyns who migrated into
Slovakia over the centuries - are they connected? All seem to have made the long
journey over the centuries tending their flocks from where - Greece, even
Albania?
They traveled through
Romania, Ukraine, old sub-Carpatho Rus into Slovakia and Poland and even into
Northern Moravia, now the Czech Republic.
In Poland north of Moravia,
they are known as the Horals, and in the corner where Slovakia joins Moravia and
Poland as Gorals. Along the high slopes where rare flowers bloom, these
tenacious people forged out a life tending their sheep and coaxing crops from
the high mountain meadows.
The majority of the gorals
can be found in Northern Slovakia and Southern Poland in the High Carpathian
region in former Spiš and Orava counties.
Gorals have their
distinctive music and the intricate quick step dance that is performed to this
day.
The political situation is
tangled in this region. A part of Spiš county was mortgaged to Poland in the
1700s. The Polish king lived in Stará
ľubovňa castle and nobility and royalty came to
visit. It was thus for 200 years and the Spiš
towns were rich and prosperous – a high level of culture existed there and in
Orava where some of the old wooden churches date to the 1500s.
Later on, the northern
parts of old Orava and Spiš counties were given over to Poland in 1920 in
exchange for land in northern Moravian that had mining potential.
Ethnographer Mary Kelly,
Helen Zemek Baine (my mother) and I have been tracking the Gorals, Horals,
Vlachs, Valachs and Rusyns who traversed the Carpathians – a fascinating story
- we did it in a number of trips in seven countries but in reverse. We were
in the Tatar pass between Slovakia and old Ruthenia; later we befriended Tatars
in the Chuvash Republic of Russia who said it wasn’t their ancestors but
Tatars from the Crimea who ravaged our lands centuries ago.
The reality is that the
villages now in Poland have a difficult time keeping their Slovak language. Nowa
Biala has a folk group and a Slovak school, and a charismatic woman who created
a children’s library in her home’s spacious basement with a Slovak section.
The region, once considered
poverty stricken has become rather well off, filled with good sized homes to
rent out to tourists with the spectacular views of the Tatra peaks. Added
attractions are the quaint village churches including Debno, Ttrybsz, Grywald and Niedzica
Castle.
With the changes in political borders and village name changes, many people have difficulty ascertaining where their roots lie.
“Who are the Gorals?”
is an article by Helene Cincebeaux published in the Summer 2001 issue of SLOVAKIA,
which is a Slovak Heritage Newsletter published quarterly by the Slovak Heritage
& Folklore Society International.
E-Mail helenezx@aol.com
Website http://feefhs.org/SLOVAK/FRGSHFSI.HTML
According to The Wikipedia http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Main_Page (free encyclopedia):
In present day Slovakia the Gorals live in
four separate
groups: in northern Spiš (34 villages subdivided into two groups), Orava and
Kysuce (two villages) and remnants in seven other enclave villages in northern
Slovakia.